Originally posted by Jake at 28-10-2008 12:58
But, surely, for every seller there has to be a buyer.
Jake, Yes! You are 100% correct. For every seller there is a buyer, and the price that is paid is agreed willingly by both of them. Does your head in, right?
I have an online trading account, and sometimes when I'm bored I like to watch the bids displayed in real time - gives me a kick to know that I'm watching a world-wide voting system where millions of people are participating - anyway, you can see the lowest offer for sale, and the highest bid to buy, and the gap between them - you can also see a stack of lower bids underneath, all outbid by the highest bid, along with a stack of higher offers for sale that are undercut by the lowest offer. It's a bit like No-Man's-Land in a war - all the buyers are hoping a seller will come down to their price and the sellers are holding their breath waiting for one of the buyers to cave in and take their price ... and ... nothing happens for a while. In fact, the prices can sway up and down, with no transactions, as a prospective buyer advances his price a bit and the sellers try to tease him higher ... or vice versa ... Then suddenly you see a transaction logged - a real price where someone jumped the gap. Then there's a mad scramble where all the prospective buyers and sellers update their prices, hoping to get a better deal, and the waiting game begins again.
So yes, all of the transaction volume has one buyer and one seller, and the price displayed is the price someone paid to own that stock at that moment.
It's not the number of buyers and sellers that goes out of balance, it's the level of confidence. When people are scared, they take a lower price than they really wanted. When people are excited they pay a higher price than they really wanted to. And the market moves.
Who's buying? Warren Buffett for one, he's said so a number of times. And must be a lot of other people who either saved up cash, or were smart enough to buy Put contracts and have made a killing. Then there's another group who are also buying - frequently, prudently - and that's the short-sellers. They hold their position, but know better than to wait too long - this is why after a big dive you always see a recovery: a bunch of people "buying back" stock that they sold that they didn't have in the first place, pocketing the difference.
So whoever bought HSBC at 75 last Tuesday is now laughing all the way to the, ahem, bank ... is the rise yesterday a popular vote of confidence in HSBC's strength? ... or is it just short sellers covering their positions? ... we'll know in a week or so ...
Best strategy I'm hearing at the moment is to start buying, a little at a time, rationing your capital to spread your purchases over the next year or so.
But don't quote me if you do that and lose money - I'll just deny everything!!